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这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关Python爬虫中搜索文档树的方法，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
搜索文档树
1.find_all(name, attrs, recursive, text, **kwargs)
1)name参数
name参数可以查找所有名字为name的Tag，字符串对象会被自动忽略掉。
a.传字符串
最简单的过滤器就是字符串，在搜索方法中传入一个字符串参数，Beautiful Soup会查找与字符串完整匹配所有的内容，返回一个列表。
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.find_all("b"))
print(soup.find_all("a"))
运行结果
[The Dormouse's story]
[, Lacie, Tillie]
B.传正则表达式
如果传入正则表达式作为参数，Beautiful Soup会通过正则表达式match()来匹配内容。
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
for tag in soup.find_all(re.compile("^b")):
print(tag.name)
运行结果
body
b
C.传列表
如果传入列表参数，Beautiful Soup会将与列表中任一元素匹配的内容以列表方式返回。
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.find_all(['a', 'b']))
2)keyword参数
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.find_all(id="link1"))
运行结果
[]
3)text参数
通过text参数可以搜索文档中的字符串内容，与name参数的可选值一样，text参数接受字符串，正则表达式，列表。
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
# 字符串
print(soup.find_all(text = " Elsie "))
# 列表
print(soup.find_all(text = ["Tillie", " Elsie ", "Lacie"]))
# 正则表达式
print(soup.find_all(text = re.compile("Dormouse")))
运行结果
[' Elsie ']
[' Elsie ', 'Lacie', 'Tillie']
["The Dormouse's story", "The Dormouse's story"]
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