欧式距离python实现代码:
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import numpy as np
x=np.random.random(10)
y=np.random.random(10)
#方法一:根据公式求解
d1=np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(x-y)))
#方法二:根据scipy库求解
from scipy.spatial.distance import pdist
X=np.vstack([x,y])
d2=pdist(X)
曼哈顿距离python实现:
import numpy as np
x=np.random.random(10)
y=np.random.random(10)
#方法一:根据公式求解
d1=np.sum(np.abs(x-y))
#方法二:根据scipy库求解
from scipy.spatial.distance import pdist
X=np.vstack([x,y])
d2=pdist(X,'cityblock')
程序运行结果:
扩展资料:
C语言实现:
#include "pch.h"
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#includestdio.h
#includemath.h
void main()
{
float x1, x2, y1, y2;
printf("请输入一组数据:");
while (~scanf("%f%f%f%f", x1, y1, x2, y2))//开始读取输入的数,知道文件结束。
{
printf("两点间的距离为:%.2f\n", sqrt((x1 - x2)*(x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2)*(y1 - y2)));
printf("请输入一组数据:");
}
}
整体逻辑
重试次数 = 0
while 重试次数 3:
ipt = input("xxxx")
if "*" in ipt:
....
continue
if 密码正确
....
break
else:
重试次数+=1
if 循环次数 = 3:
登录失败
1
ipt = input("")
print(sum(map(lambda c: int(c) if c.isnumeric() else {'J': 11, 'Q': 12, 'K': 13, 'A': 1}[c.upper()], ipt.split())))
2
ipt = input("")
print(*sorted(ipt.split(), key=lambda x: int(x), reverse=True)[: 3], sep=", ")
3
ipt = input("")
t = [int(c) for c in ipt.split()]
print(sum(t) - min(t) - max(t))
4
ipt = input("")
t = {ipt.split().count(c): c for c in ipt.split()}
print("{} {}".format(t[max(t)], max(t)))
你应该改变思路,应该是在远程的机器上监听文件的变化,再把结果传递过来
最近在网上看到python有个pyinotify模块,其中他们可以监控文件夹内的文件的创建,修改,读取,删除等系列操作,我修改了下,添加了可以吧操作记录写到日志里的一点方法,下面就贴出代码了给大家分享下:#!/usr/bin/env python
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span style="font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"spanimport os
import datetime
import pyinotify
import logging
class MyEventHandler(pyinotify.ProcessEvent):
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,filename='/var/log/monitor.log')
#自定义写入那个文件,可以自己修改
logging.info("Starting monitor...")
def process_IN_ACCESS(self, event):
print "ACCESS event:", event.pathname
logging.info("ACCESS event : %s %s" % (os.path.join(event.path,event.name),datetime.datetime.now()))
def process_IN_ATTRIB(self, event):
print "ATTRIB event:", event.pathname
logging.info("IN_ATTRIB event : %s %s" % (os.path.join(event.path,event.name),datetime.datetime.now()))
def process_IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE(self, event):
print "CLOSE_NOWRITE event:", event.pathname
logging.info("CLOSE_NOWRITE event : %s %s" % (os.path.join(event.path,event.name),datetime.datetime.now()))
def process_IN_CLOSE_WRITE(self, event):
print "CLOSE_WRITE event:", event.pathname
logging.info("CLOSE_WRITE event : %s %s" % (os.path.join(event.path,event.name),datetime.datetime.now()))
def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):
print "CREATE event:", event.pathname
logging.info("CREATE event : %s %s" % (os.path.join(event.path,event.name),datetime.datetime.now()))
def process_IN_DELETE(self, event):
print "DELETE event:", event.pathname
logging.info("DELETE event : %s %s" % (os.path.join(event.path,event.name),datetime.datetime.now()))
def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):
print "MODIFY event:", event.pathname
logging.info("MODIFY event : %s %s" % (os.path.join(event.path,event.name),datetime.datetime.now()))
def process_IN_OPEN(self, event):
print "OPEN event:", event.pathname
logging.info("OPEN event : %s %s" % (os.path.join(event.path,event.name),datetime.datetime.now()))
def main():
# watch manager
wm = pyinotify.WatchManager()
wm.add_watch('/tmp', pyinotify.ALL_EVENTS, rec=True)
#/tmp是可以自己修改的监控的目录
# event handler
eh = MyEventHandler()
# notifier
notifier = pyinotify.Notifier(wm, eh)
notifier.loop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
/span/span
下面来看看效果如何呢:我在代码定义的是监控tmp目录下的变化:
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span style="font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"span[root@centos6 monitor-folder]# python total-monitor.py
OPEN event: /tmp/.ICE-unix
CLOSE_NOWRITE event: /tmp/.ICE-unix
OPEN event: /tmp
CLOSE_NOWRITE event: /tmp
OPEN event: /tmp
CLOSE_NOWRITE event: /tmp
DELETE event: /tmp/aa
DELETE event: /tmp/adduser.conf
DELETE event: /tmp/adjtime
DELETE event: /tmp/aliases
DELETE event: /tmp/bash.bashrc
DELETE event: /tmp/bindresvport.blacklist
DELETE event: /tmp/environment
DELETE event: /tmp/fstab
DELETE event: /tmp/ipt.err
DELETE event: /tmp/ipt.out
DELETE event: /tmp/krb5.conf
DELETE event: /tmp/odbc.ini
DELETE event: /tmp/odbcinst.ini
DELETE event: /tmp/timezone
DELETE event: /tmp/ucf.conf
DELETE event: /tmp/warnquota.conf
DELETE event: /tmp/wgetrc
DELETE event: /tmp/xinetd.conf
CREATE event: /tmp/aa
OPEN event: /tmp/aa
ATTRIB event: /tmp/aa
CLOSE_WRITE event: /tmp/aa
CREATE event: /tmp/bb
OPEN event: /tmp/bb
ATTRIB event: /tmp/bb
CLOSE_WRITE event: /tmp/bb
CREATE event: /tmp/cc
OPEN event: /tmp/cc
ATTRIB event: /tmp/cc
CLOSE_WRITE event: /tmp/cc
上面是打印出来的监控状态,下面是我的操作代码:
[root@centos6 tmp]# ls
aa bash.bashrc ipt.err odbcinst.ini wgetrc
adduser.conf bindresvport.blacklist ipt.out timezone xinetd.conf
adjtime environment krb5.conf ucf.conf
aliases fstab odbc.ini warnquota.conf
[root@centos6 tmp]# rm -rf *
[root@centos6 tmp]# touch aa
[root@centos6 tmp]# touch bb
[root@centos6 tmp]# touch cc
[root@centos6 tmp]#
/span/span
上面是直接打印出来的,下面在看看我吧操作记录在日志文件里面,也可以看下日志文件的记录:
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span style="font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"spanINFO:root:Starting monitor...
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/.ICE-unix 2011-10-27 13:31:57.219168
INFO:root:CLOSE_NOWRITE event : /tmp/.ICE-unix 2011-10-27 13:31:57.219609
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 13:32:21.395228
INFO:root:CLOSE_NOWRITE event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 13:32:21.398105
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 13:32:25.108997
INFO:root:CLOSE_NOWRITE event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 13:32:25.110239
INFO:root:CREATE event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 13:32:28.004863
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 13:32:28.005860
INFO:root:IN_ATTRIB event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 13:32:28.006723
INFO:root:CLOSE_WRITE event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 13:32:28.014617
INFO:root:CREATE event : /tmp/bb 2011-10-27 13:32:30.149758
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/bb 2011-10-27 13:32:30.164415
INFO:root:IN_ATTRIB event : /tmp/bb 2011-10-27 13:32:30.164877
INFO:root:CLOSE_WRITE event : /tmp/bb 2011-10-27 13:32:30.165303
INFO:root:CREATE event : /tmp/cc 2011-10-27 13:32:32.725418
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/cc 2011-10-27 13:32:32.726367
INFO:root:IN_ATTRIB event : /tmp/cc 2011-10-27 13:32:32.727229
INFO:root:CLOSE_WRITE event : /tmp/cc 2011-10-27 13:32:32.735052
INFO:root:CREATE event : /tmp/dd 2011-10-27 13:32:39.771041
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/dd 2011-10-27 13:32:39.780881
INFO:root:IN_ATTRIB event : /tmp/dd 2011-10-27 13:32:39.781455
INFO:root:CLOSE_WRITE event : /tmp/dd 2011-10-27 13:32:39.781893
INFO:root:Starting monitor...
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/.ICE-unix 2011-10-27 14:01:43.742477
INFO:root:CLOSE_NOWRITE event : /tmp/.ICE-unix 2011-10-27 14:01:43.742915
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 14:01:50.579778
INFO:root:CLOSE_NOWRITE event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 14:01:50.581317
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 14:01:54.999528
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/bb 2011-10-27 14:01:58.995966
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/cc 2011-10-27 14:02:02.795950
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/dd 2011-10-27 14:02:06.284208
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 14:02:07.738560
INFO:root:CLOSE_NOWRITE event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 14:02:07.741922
INFO:root:CREATE event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 14:02:11.110322
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 14:02:11.113150
INFO:root:IN_ATTRIB event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 14:02:11.116381
INFO:root:CLOSE_WRITE event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 14:02:11.118382
INFO:root:Starting monitor...
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/.ICE-unix 2011-10-27 21:39:12.520432
INFO:root:CLOSE_NOWRITE event : /tmp/.ICE-unix 2011-10-27 21:39:12.520879
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 21:39:23.784759
INFO:root:CLOSE_NOWRITE event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 21:39:23.793211
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 21:39:33.916232
INFO:root:CLOSE_NOWRITE event : /tmp/ 2011-10-27 21:39:33.916823
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 21:39:33.939008
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/adduser.conf 2011-10-27 21:39:33.958143
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/adjtime 2011-10-27 21:39:33.962497
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/aliases 2011-10-27 21:39:33.978506
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/bash.bashrc 2011-10-27 21:39:33.980834
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/bindresvport.blacklist 2011-10-27 21:39:33.997176
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/environment 2011-10-27 21:39:33.997683
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/fstab 2011-10-27 21:39:33.998110
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/ipt.err 2011-10-27 21:39:33.998532
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/ipt.out 2011-10-27 21:39:34.000360
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/krb5.conf 2011-10-27 21:39:34.000816
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/odbc.ini 2011-10-27 21:39:34.002217
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/odbcinst.ini 2011-10-27 21:39:34.002675
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/timezone 2011-10-27 21:39:34.003110
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/ucf.conf 2011-10-27 21:39:34.003538
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/warnquota.conf 2011-10-27 21:39:34.018152
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/wgetrc 2011-10-27 21:39:34.018641
INFO:root:DELETE event : /tmp/xinetd.conf 2011-10-27 21:39:34.041880
INFO:root:CREATE event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 21:39:40.639965
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 21:39:40.640914
INFO:root:IN_ATTRIB event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 21:39:40.647835
INFO:root:CLOSE_WRITE event : /tmp/aa 2011-10-27 21:39:40.652158
INFO:root:CREATE event : /tmp/bb 2011-10-27 21:39:43.064526
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/bb 2011-10-27 21:39:43.070849
INFO:root:IN_ATTRIB event : /tmp/bb 2011-10-27 21:39:43.071329
INFO:root:CLOSE_WRITE event : /tmp/bb 2011-10-27 21:39:43.071762
INFO:root:CREATE event : /tmp/cc 2011-10-27 21:39:47.046752
INFO:root:OPEN event : /tmp/cc 2011-10-27 21:39:47.051537
INFO:root:IN_ATTRIB event : /tmp/cc 2011-10-27 21:39:47.056211
INFO:root:CLOSE_WRITE event : /tmp/cc 2011-10-27 21:39:47.057490
[root@centos6 tmp]#/span/span
456.py
里的代码是
python
2.7.3
(default,
apr
10
2012,
23:31:26)
[msc
v.1500
32
bit
(intel)]
on
win32
type
"copyright",
"credits"
or
"license()"
for
more
information.
"hello"
那肯定报错啊。
python
2.7.3
(default,
apr
10
2012,
23:31:26)
[msc
v.1500
32
bit
(intel)]
on
win32
type
"copyright",
"credits"
or
"license()"
for
more
information.
这几行字都不是python的代码是控制台显示的提示文字。
你把456.py里的内容改为只有print
"hello"这句(注意前面的也不能要)。在运行应该就没问题了,会正常输出hello这个单词。
从这个问题上看,你应该是刚接触编程的新手的,在多看看教程,在仔细理解一下基础知识。
希望对你有所帮助~
一、为什么要做自动化?
前提:主流程稳定,周期长,脚本可重复利用。
1.节省人力资源
2.提高效率
3.面试需要
二、什么是RobotFramework:
基于Python的关键字驱动的自动化框架。
1. 基于Python:就是由python语言开发的这个框架。
2.关键字驱动:关键字驱动测试又称为表格驱动测试,是自动化测试的一种方法,是数据测试的一种改进方法。关键字驱动主要包括测试步骤、测试步骤中的对象,测试对象执行的动作,测试对象需要的数据
3.自动化框架?:是应用于自动化测试,框架提供可重用的基础自动化测试平台,提供自动化测试执行和管理功能的组织架构。
三、pip的常用方法:
pip 是 Python 包管理工具,该工具提供了对Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载的功能。
以下在win10_x64 cmd中操作:
安装:pip install 包名
eg:pip install robotframework
安装指定版本:pip install 包名==版本号
eg:pip install robotframework==1.7.4.1
升级指定包:pip install --upgrade 包名
eg:pip install --upgrade robotframework
卸载:pip uninstall 包名
eg:pip uninstall robotframework
搜索安装包:pip search 包名
eg:pip search robotframework
查看当前电脑上已经安装的包:pip list
查看当前电脑上可以升级的包:pip list -o
四、rf的安装:
安装RF自动化框架:pip install robotframework
安装RF自动化框架IDE:pip install robotframework-ride
安装wxpython(ride依赖wxpython):pip install wxpython
ps :实际上新版本pip在安装ride时会自动安装所需依赖,也就是wxpython
版本信息:Win10 x64 + Python 3.7.7 + rf 3.1.2 + ride 1.7.4.1 + wxpython 4.0.7.post2
ps :ride 1.x版本不支持Python 3.8及以上,ride 2.x(开发中)支持Python 3.8
rf日志中文乱码解决方法:修改文件 python安装目录下 Libsite-packagesrobotidecontrib estrunner estrunnerplugin.py 第 565 行,将 SYSTEM 改成 OUTPUT ,重启ride工具。
五、元素定位:
id :以百度搜索输入框为例
在RF中写法: id=kw
name :以百度搜索输入框为例
在RF中写法: name=wd
xpath :Xml Path Language
1. 绝对路径:从html根部逐级(从上至下)查找
/html/body/p[1]/p[1]/p[3]/p/p/form/span[1]/input
在RF中写法:xpath=/html/body/p[1]/p[1]/p[3]/p/p/form/span[1]/input
2.相对路径:根据节点的上下文进行查找
eg://p/form/span/input 这里是在html中找一个p,p里面包含一个form,form包含一个span,span包含一个input,找有这样一个四层的关系的input标签,要注意如果html中有多个符合这种层级关系的input,会默认选第一个,也就是说这种方式未必是完全准确的。
3. xpath相对定位我们还可以根据元素的属性来查找:
eg://p/form/span[1]/input[@type] 这里是找符合这样一个层级关系并且有'type'这个属性的input标签
在RF中写法:xpath=//p/form/span[1]/input[@type]
eg://p/form/span[1]/input[@type='submit'] 这里是找符合这样一个层级关系并且'type'这个属性的值为'submit'的input标签
在RF中写法:xpath=//p/form/span[1]/input[@type='submit']
eg://p/form/span[1]/input[contains(@type,'sub')] 这里是找符合这样一个层级关系并且'type'这个属性的值包含'sub'的input标签
在RF中写法:xpath=//p/form/span[1]/input[contains(@type,'sub')]
以上是根据属性,如果是下面这样的a标签,我们还可以根据链接文字来进行定位
点我
eg://a[contains(text(),'点我')] 这样就是找所有a标签并且文字为'点我'的元素了
在RF中写法:xpath=//a[contains(text(),'点我')]
小技巧:
在 Chrome-F12-Console 中根据Xpath寻找元素:使用 $x (""),引号中填写xpath路径,如$x("/html/body/p[1]/p[1]/p[3]/p/p/form/span[1]/input")
css:
id: 以百度搜索输入框为例
在RF中写法: css=#kw
class: 以百度搜索输入框为例
在RF中写法: css=.s_ipt
css根据属性定位 :
[id='kw'] 表示查找id值为'kw'的元素
[name^='w'] 表示查找name值为'k'开头的元素
[class$='ipt'] 表示查找class值为'ipt'结尾的元素
[autocomplete*='f'] 表示查找autocomplete值中包含'f'的元素
[id='kw'] [name^='w'] 表示查找id值为'kw'并且name值为'k'开头的元素
在RF中写法:css=[id='kw'] [name^='w']、css=[class$='ipt']、
css=[maxlength='255']、css=[autocomplete='off']
ps:id和class也是属性,只是在css中针对id和class多了一种简单的写法,如上面的
css=#kw、css=.s_ipt
css根据标签定位:
input
表示查找当前页面所有input标签
在RF中写法:css=input
a,input
表示查找当前页面所有a标签和input标签
在RF中写法:css=a,input
span input
表示查找span标签下的所有input标签,哪怕是span下下级的input
在RF中写法:css=span input
spaninput
表示查找父元素为span标签的所有input标签,注意和span input的区别
在RF中写法:css=spaninput
span+input
表示查找紧挨在span元素后的第一个input元素
在RF中写法:css=span+input
span~input
表示查找紧挨在span元素后的所有input元素
在RF中写法:css=span~input
ps :其实大家都知道,因为页面上只依靠标签定位的话重复的可能性太大了,所有我们可以采用 标签 + 属性 的方式来进行定位
例如 spaninput[id='kw'][name^='w'] 意思是查找所有父标签为span的input标签,并且该标签中有属性id的值为kw且属性name的值为w开头
在RF中写法:css=spaninput[id='kw'][name^='w']
小技巧:
在 Chrome-F12-Console 中根据css寻找单个元素:
使用 $ (""),引号中填写css选择器,如$("spaninput[id='kw'][name^='w']")
在 Chrome-F12-Console 中根据css寻找多个元素:
使用 $ (""),引号中填写css选择器,如$("spaninput[id='kw'][name^='w']")