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下文给大家带来应该如何搭建Apache+tomcat+负载均衡的环境，希望能够给大家在实际运用中带来一定的帮助，负载均衡涉及的东西比较多，理论也不多，网上有很多书籍，今天我们就用创新互联在行业内累计的经验来做一个解答。
Apache2.0是一个标准兼容、快速、成熟的web云服务器,擅长提供静态内容，比如静态HTML页面和图片。Tomcat web服务器处理Java server Pages和Java servlet是很有用的、但在提供静态内容上没有Apache快。因此，如果要要构建一个快速、可伸缩的web应用程序，就需要一个Apache服务，它提供JSP和servlet请求服务给多个tomcat处理，通过使用一个Apache模块、mod_jk（通过会话关联的方式执行负载均衡，即“sticky” session）。会话关联解释道，当客户端浏览器第一次请求一个JSP页面,请求被Apache接收后，负载平衡器将请求重定向到两个tomcat服务器中的一个;来自相同规则的客户端的进一步请求将被自动转发到相同的tomcat服务器,以便检索用户的会话数据。
本文档描述如何配置Apache 2.x通过端口侦听的方式，分派JSP和servlet请求到两个Tomcat 4.x。这个设置是Linux系统上完成的，你的情况可能不同。
Apache 2.x Binaries (If you plan to use ssl, get the source)
Tomcat 4.x Binaries
The JK module
2.1 Install Apache.
Linux:
gunzipthe*.gzyou downloaded,untarand runinstall-bindist.shFor *nux, to install Apache 2.0.42 with mod_sll installed, you will need to compile from source:
I used http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/install.html as a reference.
$ lynx http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.0.42.tar.gz$ gzip -d httpd-2.0.42.tar.gz$ tar xvf httpd-2.0.42.tar$ ./configure --enable-mods-shared=most --enable-ssl=shared$ make$ make installThen download mod_jk-2.0.42.so and put it into your
modulesdirectory and rename itmod_jk.so.
Windows: Execute the downloaded executable and install.
2.2 Configure the JK Module in httpd.conf
Edit the Apache server's configuration file httpd.conf which is located in the /usr/local/apache2/conf directory.
2.2.1 Below "# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so", insert the following lines:
# # Load mod_jk # LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so # # Configure mod_jk # JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel info
NOTE: You will need to change mod_jk.so to mod_jk.dll for Windows.
2.2.2 Below the "DocumentRoot" line, insert the following two lines:
JkMount /*.jsp loadbalancer JkMount /servlet/* loadbalancer
2.3 Create the workers.properties file
Now we will create a file called worker.properties, and we will place it under /usr/local/apache2/conf. The worker.properties file tells Apache about the various Tomcat servers that are running, and on which port they are listening.
In my setup, I installed the two Tomcat servers in different directories, on the same machine as Apache. Feel free to put your Tomcat servers on different machines.
I made the first Tomcat server's AJP13 connector listen on port 11009 instead of the default port which is 8009, and the second one listens on port 12009.
I have decided to name my tomcat servers tomcat1 and tomcat2. This is purely my choice.
Create the file exactly like this:
# # workers.properties # # In Unix, we use forward slashes: ps=/ # list the workers by name worker.list=tomcat1, tomcat2, loadbalancer # ------------------------ # First tomcat server # ------------------------ worker.tomcat1.port=11009 worker.tomcat1.host=localhost worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache. #worker.tomcat1.cachesize # # Specifies the load balance factor when used with # a load balancing worker. # Note: # ----> lbfactor must be > 0 # ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker. worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=100 # ------------------------ # Second tomcat server # ------------------------ worker.tomcat2.port=12009 worker.tomcat2.host=localhost worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13 # Specify the size of the open connection cache. #worker.tomcat2.cachesize # # Specifies the load balance factor when used with # a load balancing worker. # Note: # ----> lbfactor must be > 0 # ----> Low lbfactor means less work done by the worker. worker.tomcat2.lbfactor=100 # ------------------------ # Load Balancer worker # ------------------------ # # The loadbalancer (type lb) worker performs weighted round-robin # load balancing with sticky sessions. # Note: # ----> If a worker dies, the load balancer will check its state # once in a while. Until then all work is redirected to peer # worker. worker.loadbalancer.type=lb worker.loadbalancer.balanced_workers=tomcat1, tomcat2 # # END workers.properties #
That's it, we're done with Apache.
Now let's suppose that Java 1.4.x is installed under /usr/local/jdk1.4.x/. Create two Tomcat 4.x servers and install them under /usr/local/:
tar fvxz jakarta-tomcat-4.x.tar.gz mv jakarta-tomcat-4.x /usr/local/tomcat1 cp -R /usr/local/tomcat1 /usr/local/tomcat2
In both /usr/local/tomcat1 and /usr/local/tomcat2, the same files will be modified. I here by present the modifications made to the files contained in the /usr/local/tomcat1 directory tree structure. You should also apply the same changes to the corresponding files located under the /usr/local/tomcat2 directory tree structure.
3.1 Modify catalina.sh
In my many years of consulting, I have learned not to rely on environment variables which can be unset by ignorant or malicious people. This is why I explicitely set the JAVA_HOME and CATALINA_HOME variables directly in the catalina.sh file.
At line 32, before the "# ----- Verify and Set Required Environment Variables " line, insert the following two lines:
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.4 ; export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat1 ; export CATALINA_HOME
(Set CATALINA_HOME to /usr/local/tomcat2 in /usr/local/tomcat2/conf/catalina.sh)
3.2 Modify conf/server.xml
3.2.1 Add a unique jvmRoute to the Catalina engine
Near line 100, replace:
with:
For tomcat2, put jvmRoute="tomcat2".
3.2.2 Change the control port
At line 13, replace:
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