在数据库运维的过程中，Shell 脚本在很大程度上为运维提供了极大的便利性。而shell 脚本参数作为变量传递给SQL以及SQL脚本也是DBA经常碰到的情形之一。本文主要讨论了如何将shell脚本的参数传递到SQL脚本之中并执行SQL查询。
1、启动sqlplus时执行脚本并传递参数
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sh
#!/bin/bash
# ----------------------------------------------
# Set environment here
# Author : Robinson Cheng
# ----------------------------------------------
if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi
if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
echo "Usage: "
echo " `basename $0`
read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" begin_date
read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" end_date
else
ORACLE_SID=${1}
begin_date=${2}
end_date=${3}
fi
export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date
#Method 1: pass the parameter to script directly after script name
sqlplus -S gx_adm/gx_adm @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date
exit
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sql
SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level
FROM dba_hist_snapshot
WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh34') = '&1'
AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh34') = '&2';
exit;
2、在SQL提示符下传递参数
robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp2.sh
#!/bin/bash
# ----------------------------------------------
# Set environment here
# Author : Robinson Cheng
# ----------------------------------------------
if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi
if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
echo "Usage: "
echo " `basename $0`
read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" begin_date
read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" end_date
else
ORACLE_SID=${1}
begin_date=${2}
end_date=${3}
fi
export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date
#Method 2: pass the parameter in SQL prompt. Using the same method with method 1
sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" < @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date exit; EOF exit 3、通过定义变量的方式来传递参数 robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sh #!/bin/bash # ---------------------------------------------- # Set environment here # Author : Robinson Cheng # ---------------------------------------------- if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then . ~/.bash_profile fi if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then echo "Usage: " echo " `basename $0` read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" begin_date read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" end_date else ORACLE_SID=${1} begin_date=${2} end_date=${3} fi export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date #Method 3: pass the parameter to global variable firstly. sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" < define begin_date=$begin_date define end_date=$end_date prompt "variable value for begin_date is: &begin_date" prompt "variable value for end_date id : &end_date" @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp3.sql begin_date end_date exit; EOF exit robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sql SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level FROM dba_hist_snapshot WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh34') = '&begin_date' AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh34') = '&end_date'; exit; 4、测试脚本 robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp.sh Usage: tmp.sh please input begin ORACLE_SID:CNMMBO please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):2013030709 please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):2013030710 SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL ---------- ---------- ---------- 13877 938506715 1 robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp2.sh MMBOTST 2013030709 2013030710 SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL ---------- ---------- ---------- 36262 3509254984 1 robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp3.sh MMBOTST 2013030710 2013030711 "variable value for begin_date is: 2013030710" "variable value for end_date id : 2013030711" SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL ---------- ---------- ---------- 36263 3509254984 1 5、小结 a、本文主要描述了将shell的参数传递给SQL脚本 b、方式1的用法是直接将shell变量跟在脚本之后, sqlplus userid/pwd @script_name $para1 $para2 c、方式2是启动sqlplus后在SQL提示符下来传递参数, SQL>@script_name $para1 $para2 d、方式3则是将shell变量的值先传递给define定义的变量，然后再传递给SQL脚本 SQL>@script_name var1 var2 e、注意方式3中SQL脚本的替代变量与define定义的变量名相同 oracle视频教程请关注:http://u.youku.com/user_video/id_UMzAzMjkxMjE2.html 另外有需要云服务器可以了解下创新互联cdcxhl.cn，海内外云服务器15元起步，三天无理由+7*72小时售后在线，公司持有idc许可证，提供“云服务器、裸金属服务器、高防服务器、香港服务器、美国服务器、虚拟主机、免备案服务器”等云主机租用服务以及企业上云的综合解决方案，具有“安全稳定、简单易用、服务可用性高、性价比高”等特点与优势，专为企业上云打造定制，能够满足用户丰富、多元化的应用场景需求。
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